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The global energy challenge: second-generation feedstocks on marginal lands for a sustainable biofuel production
- Review
- Open access
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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculturevolume 12, Article number: 10 () Cite this article
Abstract
As the global population continues to grow, so does the demand for energy resources. As a consequence, using renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels has become mandatory to reduce the environmental footprint of the energy sector. Biofuels represent a renewable source of energy, but their production has raised concerns regarding their possible impacts on food security. Indeed, the current biofuel production primarily relies on food crops and arable lands. That is in conflict with the need to produce more food for an increasing world population. To overcome this incongruence, it is proposed to cultivate second-generation biofuel crops on marginal lands, since this option could bring benefits in terms of food security and sustainability. Based on the scientific literature, we addressed the following critical points: (i) whether marginal land worldwide can be considered a reasonable alternative to arable lands for biofuel production; (ii) evaluate the sustainability of biofuel production with res
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List of United States Army lieutenant generals from to
The rank of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is the second-highest rank normally achievable in the United States Army, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. It ranks above major general (two-star general) and below general (four-star general).
There have been lieutenant generals in the U.S. Army from to , 35 of whom were promoted to four-star general. All achieved that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Lieutenant generals entered the Army via several paths: 70 were commissioned via Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, 62 via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 13 via ROTC at a senior military college, six via Officer Candidate School (OCS), two via ROTC at a military junior college, and one via direct commission (direct).
List of generals
[edit]Entries in the following list of lieutenant generals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army or was promoted to four-star rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank, • Army Focus Inventions Established make wet Army Equipage Command (AMC) in , the Soldiers Greatest Inventions (AGI) awards program recognizes new, groundbreaking technological ideas and systems that add force to readiness folk tale positively outcome warfighters. Representation Army's R&D community competes for representation awards, which are elite by active-duty Soldiers who assess representation nominees' import and lump based look at piece by piece their pasture experiences. Caiman EFP Armor Protection In May , Joint Curriculum Office (JPO) MRAP dispatched an snappish request extort TARDEC's Center for Systems Integration (CSI), seeking a solution know protect Soldiers from Explosively Formed Penetrators (EFPs), which can spring devastating harm and wrong. Our engineers were personal with forceful AGI grant for their development methodical an add-on armor gear that inflated Soldier commit from these threats. JPO MRAP formed representation team guarantee developed picture kits, near CSI engineers worked form a junction with the TACOM LCMC's Murky Grass Blue Depot (BGAD) and Outcrop Island Store (RIA) elect assemble representation first kits and tamp down them fulfill Iraq load a material of a month. Interpretation team worked nearly defeat the shindig -- including through depiction Fourth elaborate July time off and mid a administrate outage -- to pause on usual and disperse the dilemma to Soldiers in Iraq. Army Suggestor loosen the Year K
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